[虚拟语气2017高考真题]虚拟语气高考真题

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范文一：虚拟语气高考真题

一、语气的分类

语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

(1) 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

(2) 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

(3) 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生

的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。 真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。

例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.

虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(1) If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.

(2) If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(3) If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.

(4) If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.

3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.

(6) I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the

tools.

(7) If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.

三、if虚拟条件句型注意点：

(1) 错综时间条件句

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 in trouble.

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，这是应把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。

① If I were you, I would give it up.

② If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

③ If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.

④ If there should be a flood, what should we do?

1. Wish的 现在：过去时（were）

宾语从句 过去：过去完成时

将来：过去将来时，即：would /could /might + V.

(1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）

(2) I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）

(3) We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）

现在：过去时

2. Would rather +Clause 过去：过去完成时

将来：过去时

(1) I would rather you paid me now.

(2) I would rather you had gone, too.

(3) Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

现在：过去时

3. as if /though + Clause 过去：过去完成时

将来：过去将来时

(1) She loves the baby as if it were her own son.

(2) I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.

(3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.

◆ 注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生或是事实，那么方式状语从句中的谓

语动词可用陈述语气。例如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

过去时 4. It’s (about/high) time +that should +V.

It’s high time that you went. (1) It’s high time that you should go.

It’s time that we went to bed. (2) 我们该去睡了It’s time that we should go to bed.

5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气

常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，四个要求。即:

①insist ②order, command ③advise, suggest, propose,recommend

④demand , require, request, desire

◆ 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词要使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。

(1) We suggested that Tom have a rest.

(2) He insisted that I (should)be present.

(3) The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.

(4) They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

【注意】若suggest作“表明，暗示”将时不用虚拟语气；insist表示“坚持认

为”讲，也不用虚拟语气。例如：

(1) His expression suggested he was angry.

(2) He insisted that he had nothing to do with it.

◆ 以上动词相应的名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词要使用(should )+ 动词原形。

6. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with、without和but for。 (= if I hadn’t got your

help) 7. 含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：

about it. quickly.

7. If only …要是就好了 8. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形

(1) It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.

(2) It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.

(3) It’s necessary that we (should) study hard.

六、习题

1．If he had not missed the train, he______by then.

A．might get B．might have got C．got D．had got

2．If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.

A．didn"t run B．shouldn"t run C．haven"t run D．hadn"t run

3．If I ______ you，I wouldn"t return the call．

A．be B．am C．was D．were

4． ______ today，he would get there by Friday．

A．Would he leave B．Was he leaving

C．Were he to leave D．If he leaves

5．Without your help，we ______ so much．

A．will not achieve B．didn"t achieve

C．don"t achieve D．would not have achieved

6．If he ______ the storekeeper"s scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pair．

A．would not seen B．had not seen C．had seen D．has seen

7．But for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert．

A．is B．was C．were D．wouldn"t be

8．______ it______ for your help，I couldn"t have made any progress．

A．Had；not been B．Should；not been

C．Did；not been D．Not；be

9．If only I ______ my car！

A．hadn"t lost B．would not lose C．didn"t lose D．haven"t lost

10．______ I be free tomorrow，I could go with you．

A．Could B．Should C．Might D．Must

11. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been

12. _____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for

13. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.

A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach

14. I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.

A. had been B. were C. was D. would be

15. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.

A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed

16. Had I known her name, _____

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.

17. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.

A. know B. knows C.had known D. knew

18. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come

19. I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

20. Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.

A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go

21．The job would require that ______ at 7 o"clock every morning．

A．he will be at the factory B．he be at the factory

C．he was at the factory D．he has been at the factory

22．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．

A．will wait B．is going to wait C．waits D．wait

23．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week

nights．

A．not watch B．must not to watch

C．not be watching D．have not watched

24．It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time．

A．accomplishes B．can accomplish C．accomplish D．has accomplished

25．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．

A．will make B．makes C．make D．must make

26．I"d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．

A．do B．didn"t do C．don"t D．didn"t

27．______ it______ for your help，I couldn"t have made any progress．

A．Had；not been B．Should；not been

C．Did；not been D．Not；be

28．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．

A．to put B．be put C．should put D．be putting

29．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always

raining.

A．are B．be C．should be D．both B and C

30．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at

once.

A．must pay B．ought to pay C．paid D．pay

31．Mr. Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn"t think so.

A．should do B．should have done C．had done D．did

32．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.

A．should be told B．should have been told

C．was told D．had been told

33．He suggested that we ______ here at once.

A．should leave B．must leave C．left D．ought to leave

34．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.

A．must complete B．completed C．completes D．complete

35．We"ve made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow

morning.

A．will gather B．are about to gather C．would gather D．should gather

MODULE 5 第四课时 Cloing and DNA （59）

主备人：张彩虹 检测人：纪冬冬 审核人：刘俊青

Goals: 1. Master the main ideas of the passage.

2. To remember the phases and language points.

I. 【Cloing and DNA】课文短语呈现

1. be identical to 与??完全相同 2. by mistake 错误地

3. a sequence of 一系列的 4. be beneficial to 对??有益

5. rely on 依靠；依赖 6. the fundamental components of life 生命的基本成分

7. an optional treatment 一种可选择的治疗方法

8. under unknown psychological pressure 处于无形的压力之下

9. be contradictory to 与??相反/相互矛盾

10. obtain a supply of stem cells 获得干细胞的供应

11. recover from a disease 从疾病中恢复过来

12. voluntary code of practice 自愿的行为规范

13. restrict the biodiversity 限制生物多样性

14. at a crime scene 在犯罪现场

15. the latest research into DNA 对DNA的最新调查

II. Language points

1. Do you think cloning may be beneficial/ helpful to humans?

你认为克隆有益于人类吗？

beneficial/helpful adj. 有益处的；有帮助的 benefit v. 收益； n. 利益；好处 benefit (vi.) from/by 从??中受益 for the benefit of 为了??得利益 be beneficial to =be of benefit to 对??有好处

Eg: (1) The sea air will benefit you. 海上的空气将对你有益。

(2) You will benefit from experience. 你一定会从经验中获益。

(3) The new credit card will be of great benefit to our customers.

新的信用卡将会给我们的客户带来很多好处。

(4) Rain is beneficial to soil.

雨水对土壤有益。

2. We could use cloning to cure illness. 我们能用克隆来治病。

cure v. 治愈，消除，矫正 n. 治病；治疗法；痊愈 curable adj. 可治愈的 cure sb. (of sth.) 治愈某人（疾病）/改掉某人的恶习 a cure for… ??的一种治疗法

Eg: (1) This medicine will cure you of flu. 这种药会治好你的流感。

(2) Nothing cured him of the bad habit. 无论怎样都改不了他的坏习惯。 ◆ cure, heal 与treat的区别

cure 指治愈疾病，使人恢复健康；消除痛苦；改掉恶习、弊端、嗜好等。 heal 治好外伤，使伤口愈合。

treat 只指治病，并不涉及疗效如何。

3. A fourth reason for cloning is that some scientists and farmers think it would be handy to clone, for example, a pize xow which can resist bacteria or disease…

resist v. 抵抗；对抗；耐得住

resistance n. 抵抗；反抗

resist doing 反对做??

can’t resist (doing ) sth. 无法抗拒；忍不住做??

be resistant to 对?? 有抵抗力

Eg: (1) The boy resisted being carried off. 这个男孩奋力反抗不让别人带他走。

(2) Jill could not resist making jokes about his baldness.

吉尔忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑。

(3) There has been strong resistance to the new rule.

对于这项新规定，抗拒的阻力一定很强。

4. But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.

但是，仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。

rely =rely upon =depend on/upon 依靠；依赖

rely on sb. doing /to do 相信/指望某人做??

rely on it that 相信/指望（后接从句）

reliable adj. 可依靠地；确实地

Eg: (1) We can’t rely on her for help. 我们不能指望她的帮助。

(2) I rely on you coming early. 我指望你早点来。

(3) You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

你放心好了，他会来见你的。

范文二：高考英语历年真题虚拟语气与答案

一、单项填空

1、Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

2、——My cat’s really fat.

——You ______ have given her so much food.

A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t

3、But for their help，we______the program in time.

A．can not finish B．will not finish C．had not finished D．could not have finished

4、But for the help of my English teacher，I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A．would not win B．would not have won C．would win D．would have won

5、The doctor recommended that you______ swim after eating a large meal.

A．wouldn"t B．couldn"t C．needn"t D．shouldn"t

6、If he ______ my advice，he wouldn"t have lost his job.

A．followed B．should follow C．had followed D．would follow

7、If we ______ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A．take B．had taken C．took D．have taken

8、Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy ______.

A．would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved

9、—John went to the hospital alone.

—If he ______ me about it，I would have gone with him.

A．should tell B．tells C．told D．had told

10、George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I"d rather he______ more on its culture.

A．focus B．focused C．would focus D．had focused

11、—The weather has been very hot and dry.

—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables ______.

A．wouldn"t die B．didn"t die C．hadn"t died D．wouldn"t have died

12、Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn"t allow D．couldn"t allow

13、I______through that bitter period without your generous help.

A．couldn"t have gone B．didn"t go C．wouldn"t go D．hadn"t gone

14、—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

—I ______ it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A．attended B．have attended C．would attend D．would have attended

15、I ______ sooner but I didn"t know that they were waiting for me.

A．had come B．was coming C．would come D．would have come

16、Maybe if I ______ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.

A．studied B．would study C．had studied D．was studying

17、—Where are the children？The dinner"s going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they ______ always late.

A．weren"t B．hadn"t been C．wouldn"t be D．wouldn"t have been

虚拟语气

（总分：17 考试时间：14分钟）

学校___________________ 班级____________ 姓名___________ 得分___________

一、单项填空 ( 本大题 共 17 题, 共计 17 分)

1、(1分)

D

解析：as if意为“好像，佛法……似的”，所引导的从句如果表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气。如果表示非真实情况，谓语动词用虚拟语气。因为Eliza所能想起的事都发生在过去，而不是发生在昨天，是非真实情况，所以要用虚拟语气。

2、(1分)

C

解析:“shouldn’t have + 动词+ed形式”表示“本来不应该做某事”。根据所提供的情景My cat’s really fat.可判断出本来不应该给它那么多食物。“couldn’t have + 动词+ed形式”表示“不可能”。“wouldn’t have + 动词+ed形式”常用于表示非真实情况。mustn’t不与have + 动词+ed形式连用。

3、(1分)

D

解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。but for表示“要不是”，此处but for their help是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，说明过去情况的虚拟语气应用“情态动词＋have done”。句意：要不是他们帮忙，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。

4、(1分)

B

解析：but for“要不是……”，表明了一个隐含条件的虚拟语气，“获奖”的事情发生在过去的比赛当中，所以与过去情况相反的虚拟语气的主句部分用would/should/could＋have done。

5、(1分)

D

解析：句意为“医生建议说在吃过饱饭后不要游泳”。recommend作“建议”解，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should (not) ＋动词原形”。

6、(1分)

C 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他早接受了我的建议，他就不会失去这项工作了。由主句he wouldn"t have lost his job可知，这是对过去发生的事实的假设。对过去发生的事实的假设，条件句中用had done的形式，主句中用would/could/might have done的形式。故只有C项正确。

7、(1分)

B 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们走另一条路，我们也许就能及时赶到这儿参加这次会议的。由句意以及题干中的we might have arrived here可知，这是对过去发生的事情的假设，

故条件状语从句用过去完成时，主句中用would/might/could have done的形式。因此B项正确。

8、(.5分)

A 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果当初我了解这个电脑程序的话，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。if引导的虚拟语气从句如果去掉if，则可以将had/were/should提到主语前面。分析该句结构及含义可知，这里是与过去事实相反的虚拟，所以答案为A项。

9、(1分)

D 考查虚拟语气。句意：——约翰一个人去医院了。——如果他告诉我的话，我就会陪他去的。根据句意可知这与过去的客观事实相反。如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，其时态应为过去完成时。

10、(1分)

B 考查虚拟语气。would rather后面的从句中应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时。

11、(1分)

D 考查虚拟语气。句意：甚至如果下一滴雨，现在情况也会好得多！我的蔬菜也不会死掉。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，主句的谓语动词通常用would/wouldn’t have done。

12、(1分)

A 考查虚拟语气。recommend作 “建议” 解，后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词用 “should＋动词原形” 的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。

13、(1分)

A

考查虚拟语气。without your generous help是隐含条件句。句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，主句用“would/could/should/might＋have done”，故选A项。

14、(1分)

D

考查虚拟语气。由but后的I was busy preparing for a job interview可知说话者并没有去听演讲。对过去的事情进行虚拟时，主句应用“would＋have＋过去分词”。句意：——你错过了关于核污染的演讲真是遗憾。——我本想去参加的，但是我正忙着准备工作面试。故选D项。

15、(1分)

D

考查虚拟语气。由空后的but I didn"t know that they were waiting for me可知“我”并没有早点来，因此第一句是一个虚拟语气的句子。因为讲述的过去的事情，所以句子应使用“would＋have＋过去分词”的形式。本句可以改为以下形式：I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me.句意：我本来能够早点来，但是我不知道他们在等着我。故选D项。

16、(1分)

C

考查虚拟语气。由if从句中的then可知，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时。句意：或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话，我就会给你更多的帮助。故选C项。

17、(1分)

A

考查虚拟语气。本题是考查wish后接虚拟语气的用法，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时表示。句意：——孩子们到哪儿去了？饭菜快凉了。——真希望他们不要总这么晚。

故选A项。

范文三：虚拟语气2012年高考题真题：附答案

一单选：1.（10上海29）. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn"t finish the assignment yesterday.

A. must B. mustn"t C. should D. shouldn"t 2.（10安徽26）. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 3.（10湖南29）. If he my advice, he wouldn"t have lost his job.

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow

4.（10天津）. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told

5.（苏.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he___ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused

6（陕西）. If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

7.（10北京34）. --The weather has been very hot and dry.

--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn"t die B. didn"t die C. hadn"t died D. wouldn"t have died 8.（10浙江10）．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy A．would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved 9、（2011北京卷）30. Maybe if I ___ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 10、（2011北京卷）28. - Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. - I wish they _________ always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 11、（2011天津）15. I___sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 12、（2011江西）8. We ___John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 13、（2011江苏）34. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it.

A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 14、（2011安徽卷）26. — What do you think of store shopping in the future? —Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 15、（2011福建卷）34.—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. —I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended 16、（2011陕西）.I______through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone

二：完成句句子

1. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone.

She_____________________________________（一定经受了）a lot of hardships. (go)

2. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you_____________________________________ (see)（就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)

3. It is demanded that the books___________（须归还）the school library within two weeks. (return) 4. It is suggested that_______________________（运动会推迟）till next Friday. (put off)

5. Were___________________________（下雨）tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain) 6. I supported him in time, otherwise he_________________________ bike（从自行车上摔下来）. (fall) 7. Which doctor_______________________________（你建议派来）immediately? (suggest)

8. It____________________ (一定下着大雨)when he got back home, for he was wet all over. (rain) 9. ______________________（如果他不努力）so hard, he wouldn’t have passed the exam. (work) 10. You_________________________（本不需要）a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take) 11. You____________________________ (最好没责备) her. After all, she did her best. (better). 12. What a pity! We_________________ (宁愿听取) our teacher’s advice yesterday. (would rather) 13. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He_____________________________________ (不可能) Beijing. (go)

14. We_____________________________________ (还是…好) stay where we are. (may)

15. I_________ (本想参加) your party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. (would like)

三：翻译： 1. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。

2. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失

3. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做

4如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。

5. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。

6. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。

7. 他一定是去过徐州，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。

8重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。

9.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

10真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。

高二虚拟语气答案：

一：1---5 CACDB 6—10 BDACA 11—15 DDBCD 16 A

二：1. . must have gone through 2. would have seen the beautiful tower 3. should be returned to 4. sports meeting (should) be put off 5. it to rain 6. would have fallen off 7. do you suggest be sent for 8. must have been raining 9. Hadn’t he studied 10. needn’t have taken

11. had better not have scolded 12. would rather have taken

13. couldn’t have gone to 14. may as well 15. would like to have attended 三：翻译：1. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 2. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失

The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 3. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 4如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了

If you hadn"t watched TV yesterday, you wouldn"t be so sleepy now. 5. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。 If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 6. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。

He would not get such a result without your help

7. 他一定是去过徐州，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。 He must have been to Xuzhou, or he never could know the place so well. 8. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。 It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 9. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as often as possible 10. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。

It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings

范文四：虚拟语气讲解及2013年各地高考真题

陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：0-0There are two sides to every question./ 0-1Were you busy all day yesterday?

祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：0-2Never be late again!/ 0-3Don’t forget to turn off the light.

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：0-4If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.

一 真实条件与非真实条件

真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。 1-1 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.

如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。(真实条件)

1-2 If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.

如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。(非真实条件)

(事实是The working conditions are too bad,、I won"t accept the job)

1-3 He said if he failed, he would have another try.

他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。(真实条件)

1-4 If he had failed, he would have had another try.

如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。(非真实条件)

(事实是He didn"t fail and he didn"t have another try.)

二 非真实条件句

2.1 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。

2.2 混合虚拟结构

2.2.1不同时间的虚拟

If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.在事实相反）

If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. 与现在事实相反）

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. （从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）

2.2.2 虚拟与陈述的混合

He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.

You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

例题解析：The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.

A. hasn"t watered

C. hadn"t bee watered B. didn"t water D. wasn"t watered

那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c）

三 含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句不出现if，假想条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语)

It would be easier to do it this way. I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

3.1 without/but for/in the absence of 相当于if it were not for)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）

Without your help, I couldn" t finish my work on time.

In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.

But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。

3.2句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。

He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。

Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。 I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time。

四 非真实条件句倒装

省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.

If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once.

Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Had he had lunch (If he had had lunch), he would not have eaten so many cookies.

五 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

5.1下列动词后的宾语从句中insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议) , recommend(建议， 推荐) 用(should ) +动词原形

He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.

The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.

注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

He insists that doing morning exercises does well to people’s health.

例题详解：

(1) “Shall I come tomorrow?” “I’d rather you _________.”

A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”

A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”

A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

5.2 wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想情况，实现可能性较小

5.2.1对现在情况的虚拟，假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生：宾语从句动词用过去式，谓语be用were。例：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 不可能)

Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

5.2.2假想的情况在主句主语愿望前发生：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：

I wish I hadn"t wasted so much time.He wishes he hadn"t lost the chance.We wished he had spoken to us. (事实上他并没同我们讲)

例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

5.2.3假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生：从句谓语动词用would+原形动词

I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止

I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。

I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。

六 主语从句中的虚拟语气

6.1 It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should) do

It is proposed that more students should go to university.

6.2 It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句(should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）

It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）

It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)

例题分析： It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o"clock at night.

A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play 全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气，所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式，不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式，同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且，它是主动语态形式，而本题要用被动语态。

6.3 I It is high time that+从句= It is time that+从句，该是...的时候了，后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is (high/about) time we went home.

It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

七 其他名词性从句中的虚拟语气

7.1 My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should) do My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.

The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.

7.2 His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should) do+ is..

The request that they should get more is reasonable.

注意：在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。

I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。

I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。

It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。

I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。

八 其他句式中的虚拟语气

8.1 would rather +从句，常用过去时did表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时had done表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

I would rather you came tomorrow.

I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.

Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isn’t available today. I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful.

注意：would rather do sth

例题解析：

(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”

A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”

A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”

A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

8.2 If only +从句 ，相当于wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反)

If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!

If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!

If only he would come tomorrow!

If only I had taken her advice!

注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气

例题解析：Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice.

A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。

题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。

8.3 as if/though +从句 表示说话人假想的情况，用法同wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反)

He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

8.4 lest, for fear that, in order that及in case引导的目的状语从句中，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should可省略

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。 例题解析：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.

A. injure B. injured C. had injure D. would injure

这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a）

8.5表祝愿

常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！

【2013北京】35. --- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.

--- Well, I don’t know. It do.

A. might B. need C. would D. should

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。第一个人说不会下雨，第二人回答I don’t know，因此可知，到底下不下雨是不能肯定的事情，故使用might表推测“有可能”。【2013湖南】32. He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.

A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。根据后文“although he tried to”可知他不能入睡。故答案选C。

【2013江西】29. When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.

A. should B. could C. must D. need

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。A项“应该”；B项“能够”；C项“必须”；D项“需要”，根据句意，当我还是孩童的时候，每当我想看电视的时候都能够看。故答案选B。

【2013辽宁】31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.

A. could drink B. should drink

C. would have drunk D. must have drunk

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。此处考查情态动词对过去发生事情的推测。根据句意：Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用must have done，故选D。

【2013陕西】21. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。句意为：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了；否则的话，他们就该按计划在湖边的宿营地了。故选A，must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，意为：过去肯定已经…。

【2013四川】5. —Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。根据语境“眼睛那么红，昨晚不可能睡得很好”可知，此处考查情态动词can的否定式can’t表推测，意为“不可能”。can’t have done表示对过去的推测，意为“过去不可能…”。故选A。

【2013天津】9. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.

A. could B. must C. dare D. need

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。译为：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗善良的心。can’t/ couldn’t

表不可能，故答案选A。

【2013新课标II卷】6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.

A. can B. must C. would D. need

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意，由于没人帮他，因此他定是一个人做的那个调查。情态动词must表肯定推测。故选B。

【2013新课标I卷】29.The door open , no matter how hard she pushed.

A. shouldn’t B. couldn"t C. wouldn"t D. mightn"t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。此处描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”，其固有的特性，用情态动词would（will）描述，故选C。

【2013浙江】3. I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.

A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed

C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。此处情态动词否定式couldn’t与比较级more搭配表达最高级的意义；couldn’t此处表推测“不可能”。答案为D。

【2013重庆】26. - What are you doing this Saturday?

- I’m not surego to the Rolling Stones concert.

A. must B. would C. should D. might

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。根据“I’m not sure”可知说话者不能确定，因此使用might表示推测，表示“有可能”。

【2013安徽】34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.

A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。根据原因状语从句“因为你认识很多单词”可知“在练习中不可能是词汇给你造成了这个问题”，故选B表推测“不可能”。

【2013北京】34. If we a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。

【2013福建】30. ----Do you think George has passed the driving test?

----No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.

A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选C。

【2013江苏】30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.

A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。

【2013陕西】12. My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should B. might C. could D. would

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气，故选A。

【2013天津】14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.

A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。此题为if虚拟条件句，从句时间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为B。

【2013浙江】8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.

A. was B. be C. were D. is

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为B。

【2013重庆】29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

A. hadn’t B. haven"t C. didn"t D. don"t

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选A。

【2013安徽】28. I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available

A. went B. had gone

C. would go D. would have gone

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有D答案：用情态动词过去式后加have done表示。

范文五：含蓄条件虚拟语气高考真题

1. But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the

English Writing Competition.（09福建卷）

A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D.

would have won

2. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it

differently. （09江苏卷）

A. could express B. would express

C. could have expressed D. must have expressed

2. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we______ it

without you.（08山东卷）

A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D.

can have managed

3. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________

better. （08江西卷）

A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done

D. might have done

4. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she

wouldn"t have wasted time on him, I suppose. （07 安徽卷）

A. should B. can C. would D. must

6. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have

driven her there. （07 陕西卷）

A. could B. must C. night D. should

7. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（06湖北卷）

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be

D. Might you be

8. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. （05北京卷）

A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

9. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.（01上海春）

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

10. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. （00上海卷）

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

1.【答案】B。 【解析】but for 的意为“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。根据句中的 the help of my English teacher可知，它表示与过去事实相反，可改写为If it had not been for the help of my English teacher，与之相对应，题中的谓语动词也要使用与过去相反的虚拟语气。

2.【答案】C。 【解析】本题考查的是连词not?but?引出的虚拟语气。but后面表达的是含蓄条件，用if表达即为：He did not regret if he could have expressed it differently. 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是

本来能够做某事而没有做，“他要是用另一种方式来说该多好啊”。

3.【答案】B。 【解析】介词短语without you表达含蓄条件。根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知工作已经完成，表达的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。without you的意思为If it had not been for you。

4.【答案】D。 【解析】分词形式的Considering“考虑到”在这里起着连词的作用。引出虚拟条件，暗含有If he had made good use of his ability and experience之意。句意为“真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的”。注意can一般不能用于肯定句中表示猜测。

5.【答案】D。 【解析】从连词or引导的从句是与过去相反的虚拟条件句可知主句谈论的也是与过去情况相关的猜测。or暗含的条件是If the teacher had thought Johnson was not worth it.

6.【答案】D。 【解析】should have done意为“本该??而其实没有”，表示的是与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。连词but隐含的条件是If only I had driven her there.“要是我开车送她到那儿就好了”。

7.【答案】B。 【解析】这是省略if的一种特殊句式，表达一种条件。还原成原来的句型是：If you should be fired?。当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略if，并将 had, should, were提前置于句首。should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中，表示“竟然；万

一”之意。句意为：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响。

8.【答案】B。 【解析】本题中otherwise后的句子说明了一个结果，该结果表示的是与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，据此结果进行推测，推测时暗含的条件就是：If he hadn’t completed his work?

9.【答案】D。 【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。句意为“在踢那个球之前，他犹豫了一下，否则他可以进球的”。

10.【答案】C。 【解析】If only?“要是??就好了”。常用于虚拟语气中，表示与事实相反的愿望或条件。本句表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成

范文六：虚拟语气高考题

1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison

A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer

6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____

A. breaks B. has broken

C. were broken D. had been broken

7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is

8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told

名题精练

9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible

---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet

A. would have taken part in B. took part in

C. had taken part in D. would take part in

11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

A. Had it not been for B. If it were not

C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for

12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going

A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent

C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented

13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam

A. If he were to work B. Had he worked

C. Should he work D. Were he to work

14. ____today, he would get there by Friday

A. Were he to leave B. If he had left

C. Did he to leave D. Had he left

15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come

17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped

C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped

18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday

A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb

C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb

19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

20. ---I am going to tell her the news

---I would as soon you _____her about it

A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell

21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home

A. stayed B. could stay Chas stayed D. stay

22. It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on B. would put on C be put on D. put on

23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately

A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent

24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness

----Yes, but ____it

A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done

C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do

25. If only I ___my car

A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost

26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth

A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be

27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son

A. is B. were C. had been D. should be

29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more

A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be

30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem

A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held

31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying

A. even if , was B. though, would be

C. even, had been D. as if, were

32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert

A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again

A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed

34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops

A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping

35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules

A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

36. I wish I ____here then

A. was B. had been C. were D. would be

37. It is strange that he ____back so early

A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come

38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV

A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done

39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday

A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put

40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there

A. had been B. has been C. was D. been

41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven

A. must finish B. would be finished

C. be finished D. must be finished

42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……

----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!

A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t

43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning

A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing

C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing

44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse

A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try

45. ----How could I thank you enough?

----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it

A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done

46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue

A. be, be delayed B. is, delay

C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed

47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths

A. it would have been B. it would b

C. there would be D. there would have been

48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.

A. requested,deliver B. demand, be delivered

C.request,shoulddeliver D demand,delivered

49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder

A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished

50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late

A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been

51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then

A. come B. came C. would come D. will come

52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting

A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on

53. I hope that you ____ right

A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be

54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you

A. am B. have been C. should be D. would be

55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning

A. start B. started C. would start D. had started

56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came

57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead

A. must have studied B. might study

C. would study D. would have studied

58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week

A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb

C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb

59. Without electricity human life ____quite different today

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

60. I wish I _____ you yesterday

A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

61. He talks as if he ____for ages

A. is living there B. was living there

C. has lived there D. had lived there

62. The judge ordered the thief ____punished

A. should be B. would be C. was to be D. must be

63. Her pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination

A. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, has

64. They are talking ____they had known each other for years

A. as if B. even if C. like D. because

65. Had you done as I told you, you____

A. would succeed B. would have succeeded

C. were to succeed D. should succeed

66. ______your help, I ____the exam

A. Without, will fail B. If not , will fail

C. But for, would have failed D. If it is not for, would have failed

67. I would rather you ____at once

A. leave B. will leave C. left D. should leave

68. ____today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday

A. If he leaves B. Would he have left

C. Was he leaving D. Were he to leave

69. It is high time you ____ to school

A. will go B. would go C. went D. had gone

70. If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he _____been in hospital now

A. shouldn’t B. hadn’t C. wouldn’t have D. would not

71. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right now

A. come B. came C. would come D. is coming

72. But that he ____ it, he wouldn’t have believed it

A. see B. saw C. had seen D. sees

73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers____ to hospital at once

A. be sent B. is sent C. was sent D. should send

74. I would buy that car but I ____enough money

A. do not have B. did not have C. will not have D. had not had

75. If only we____ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined you

A. knew B. had known C. would know D. should know

76. It was ordered that no smoking ____in the library

A. was allowed B. would be allowed C. be allowed D. had been allowed

77. ____you come earlier, you would have met him

A. Should B. would C. Could D. Had

78. ---You should have finished your homework earlier

----I know but I ____the time

A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. won’t have D. had not

79. He tried his best in everything, _____he wouldn’t have been what he was

A. otherwise B. but C. and D. but that

80. How I wish I ____such a good chance before

A. didn’t miss B. hadn’t missed C. met D. have met

81. ___your letter, I would have started off two days ago

A. If I could have received B. If I received

C. Should I received D. Had I received

82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I ____ him

A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

83. If it ____tomorrow, what shall we do?

A. rains B. would rain C. rained D. should rain

84. If he ___come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him

A. would B. should C. / D. had

85. If he were to come tomorrow, things___ easier

A. should be B. would be C. are D. can be

86. If you ____that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy now

A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch

C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched

87. ____difficulties, we would be successful

A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome

C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome

88. If only everything___ out, as we wanted it to in life

A. is working B. worked C. works D. has worked

89. Mary _____ to college last year. Unfortunately, she could not take the examinations because of a sudden illness

A. could go B. did go C. could have gone D. must have gone

90. I wish it ____ not so cold outside

A. shall be B. be C. were D. is

91. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o’clock

A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be

92. He insisted that he ____ our car

A. should steal B. would steal C. hadn’t stolen D. steal

93. Their suggestion is that we____ go out for a walk

A. can B. have C. shall D. /

94. It is necessary that he ____ in time to attend the meeting

A. come B. came C. would come D. need come

95. I ____that she had left her home yesterday

A. have thought B. think C. had thought D. should think

96. We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days. It is time we ____the problem

A. shook hands with B. got to brass tacks with

C. got to solve D. reached the bottom of

97. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ____ about that

A. know B. knows C. known D. knew

98. In case I _____, I would try again

A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall fail

99. ____ I will marry him all the same

A. Were he rich or poor B. Be he rich or poor

C. Whether rich or poor D. Being rich or poor

100. Without gravity, we ____ able to walk

A. were B. should be C. can be D. should not be

答案

C B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A D C C B A

C B B A B

D C C A B B D B A A C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A

C D C D C

D A B A B

C A B C C

C C D C D A C D A C A B A A B C D C B D C D B A B D B A D B

范文七：虚拟语气高考题

注：全国卷I、全国卷II、北京、上海、天津、江苏、湖北、安徽、湖南、福建、陕西、山东、重庆、四川、江西、浙江、辽宁 (共17份；广东卷无单项选择)

虚拟语气

(2013北京卷)34. If we ________ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked

C. book B. booked D. had booked

(2013天津卷)14. If he had spent more time practising speaking English able to speak it much better now.

A. will be B. would be

C. has been D. would have been

(2013福建卷)30.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?

—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.

A. would drive B. drove

C. would have driven D. had driven

(2013陕西卷eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should B. might

C. could D. would

(2013重庆卷)29. — It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.

第1页 共2页

A. hadn’t B. haven’t

C. didn’t D. don’t

(2013浙江卷)8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.

A. was

B. be C. were

第2页 共2页 D. is

范文八：1995-2015历年专四真题-虚拟语气

1995

62. We could ____ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.

A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided

65. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly.

A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of

B. Had he not been taken good care of

C. Had not he been taken good care of

D. Had he been not taken good care of

1996

43. I ____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.

A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying

1997

43. He left orders that nothing ___ touched until the police arrived here.

A. should be B. ought to be

C. must be D. would be

51. I was to have made a speech if ___.

A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away

C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away 

1998

43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized

dealer.

A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 

1999

49. If you have really been studying English for so long. It’s about time you ___ able to write letters in English.

A. should be B. were C. must be D . are

2000

49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___ quite such a crowd of people there.

A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t be 

2002

51. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” 

“I don’t know. But it’s about time ___on something.

A. I’ d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding

50. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not D. Were it not

2004

42.____, I’ll marry him all the same.

A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether he rich or poor

C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor

44.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?

A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised

C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised

46.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.

A. hand in B. would hand in

C. have to hand in D. handed in

2005

51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _______ able to advise you

much better than I can.

A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were

60. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________

strong actions against him.

A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took

C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take

63. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.

A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had

2006

52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!

A would B could C should D might

59 It"s high time we __ cutting down the rain forests.

A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop

2007

54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he

might still be alive now.

A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving

60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.

A. had had B.has C.had D.would have

2008

52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now

A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get

2009

52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.

A. could have been B. would be

C. will be D. would have been

2010

60. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.

A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in

2011

61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you _____ now. (11, 61)

A. left B. leave

C. are leaving D. will leave

2012

54. My boss ordered that the legal documents ______ to him before lunch.

A. be sent

B. were sent

C. were to be sent

D. must be sent

2013

63. If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.

A. were to rain

B. was to rain

C. was raining

D. had rained

2014

51.It is essential that he____ all the facts first.

A. is examining B. will examine

C. examines D.examine

2015

58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ______ able to advise you much better than I can.

A. will be B. was C. would be D. were

范文九：高考英语虚拟语气讲解ljx

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿，采用固定的倒装句式。例如：

Long live the People′s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！

May you be happy!

May you have a good time!

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：

1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.

如果我有空，我就去那儿。

如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be

put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4） if的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

例如：——Why didn′t you attend the party yesterday?

——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.

I was surprised that you didn′t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）

6)混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如：If the teacher hadn′t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.

7)含蓄条件句与主句

即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。

例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.

＝If we hadn′t got his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.

2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：

在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.

The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times

.They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）

3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：

1）在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：

A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterday′s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.

C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!

2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“ (should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/

insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去时或“should do”形式。 例如：It is high time he started = It is high time he should start

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。

例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.

虚拟语气考点分析

1．——Alice,why didn′t you come yesterday?

——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)

A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn′t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)

A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be

析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)

A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。

4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。

5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.

—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)

A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken

析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。

6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)

A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be

析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。

7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。

8．You didn′t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)

A.drove;didn′t get B.drove;wouldn′t get

C.were driving;wouldn′t get D.had driven;wouldn′t have got

析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。

9．I didn′t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to

me.

A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come

析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。

10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldn′t have made any progress.

A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be

析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）

11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.

A.should come to B.would have attended

C.would come to D.should have attended

析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。

1） 概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

1.真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型：条件从句 主句

一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

2.非真实条件句

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a. 同现在事实相反的假设。

句型 ： 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型： 条件从句 主句

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示对将来的假想

句型： 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

3.混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

4.虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用

If I were you, I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I

答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren"t I to do.

5.特殊的虚拟语气词：should

1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that?结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

句型：

(1)suggested

It is (2)important that?+ (should) do

(3) a pity

(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do

(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

a pity, a shame, no wonder

(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意： 如suggest, insist不表示

The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

（错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对) I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

6.wish的用法

1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况 wish后

从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时 （be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时 （had + 过去分词） 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn"t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

2）Wish to do表达法。

Wish sb / sth to do

I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.

I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 7.比较if only与only if

only if表示

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。

If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。

8.It is (high) time that

It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

9 need

didn"t need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.

needn"t have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn"t need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn"t have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)

典型例题

There was plenty of time. She ___.

A. mustn"t have hurried B. couldn"t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn"t have hurried 答案D。needn"t have done. 意为

Mustn"t have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn"t have done,

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have B. will C. do D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

21. If only I _____ my watch!

A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose

22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

23. We _____ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished

24. --- “Where have you been?”

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here

25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB

11-15. CAABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC

范文十：新希望虚拟语气高考题

1．（2012·北京高考）Don"t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.

A．is B．were C．has been D．had been 2．（2012·浙江高考）Had they known what was coming next，they ______ second thoughts. A．may have B．could have C．must have had D．might have had 3．（2012·陕西高考）If my car ______ more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A．was B．had been C．should be D．would be 4．（2012·辽宁高考）Jack is a great talker. It"s high time that he ______ something instead of just talking.

A．will do B．has done C．do D．did 5．（2012·山东高考）If we ______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn"t have been so successful.

A．haven"t made B．wouldn"t make C．didn"t make D．hadn"t made 6．（2012·安徽高考）Grace doesn"t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there，she wouldn"t be able to see her parents very often.

A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live 7．（2012·福建高考）We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday.

A．visited B．had visited

C．would visit D．would have visited 8．（2012·湖南高考）Sorry，I am too busy now.If I ______ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A．have had B．had had C．have D．had 9．（2012·天津高考）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home. A．didn"t offer B．wouldn"t offer C．hasn"t offered D．hadn"t offered 10．（2011·课标全国高考）They ____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A．will B．can C．must D．should 11．（2011·北京高考）—Where are the children？The dinner"s going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they ______ always late. A．weren"t B．hadn"t been

C．wouldn"t be D．wouldn"t have been 12．（2011·北京高考）Maybe if I ______ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.

A．studied B．would study C．had studied D．was studying 13．（2011·天津高考）I ______ sooner but I didn"t know that they were waiting for me. 1

A．had come B．was coming

C．would come D．would have come 14．（2011·福建高考）—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

—I ______ it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A．attended B．had attended

C．would attend D．would have attended 15．（2011·陕西高考）I______ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A．couldn"t have gone B．didn"t go C．wouldn"t go D．hadn"t gone 16．（2011·江西高考）We ____John"s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A．will put B．will have put C．would put D．would have put

17．What"s your opinion of Mr Li"s request that we ______ spend half an hour reading Englishaloud every morning? A．must B．would C．should D．could

18．I ran all the way to school yesterday，otherwise I ______ late for the annual talent show.

A．was B．had been

C．would be D．would have been 19．—What"s your feeling now?

—I am terribly sorry. If only I ______here yesterday!

A．came B．would have come C．have come D．had come 20．（2013·河北普通高中教学质监）I would have grabbed the ball if I ______ closer to it. A．was B．were C．would be D．had been 21．（2013·山西第二次四校联考）It"s everybody"s desire that every effort ______ to reduce the pollution in our city. A．was made B．be made

C．will be made D．would be made 22．（2013·北京东城区示范校综合练习一）If he had decided where to go，he ______ on his way at present.

A．would be B．would have been C．is D．were 23．（2013·河南中原名校联考）Without your selfless help，I ______ such great progress. A．can"t make B．couldn"t have made C．couldn"t make D．wouldn"t make 24．（2013·浙江名校联盟第一次联考）______ a little earlier，you could have got a copy of his latest book.

A．If you would arrive B．If you arrived C．Should you arrive D．Had you arrived 25．（2013·河南中原名校联考）—How I wish I ______ the key with me!

—Then you would not have to wait for your wife"s rescue.

A．had had B．have had C．had D．have

虚拟语气高考题

参考答案

1．B as if 条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反。句意：不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。

2．D 句意：如果他们知道接下来会发生什么，他们可能就会再三考虑了。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句用“might/could/should/would＋have done”。

3．B 根据would have driven 可知是与过去的事实相反，故if 条件句用过去完成时。句意：如果我的车子再可靠一点的话，我就会开车而不是乘飞机去拉萨了。

4．D 句意：杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。it is high time从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用一般过去时，或是should＋动词原形，should 不能省略。故只有D项正确。

5．D 在if引导的条件虚拟句中，与过去情况相反的条件句用had done的形式，主句谓语为“情态动词＋have done”形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议也就不会那么顺利。故选D项。

6．D 句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到她的父母了。由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟。故主句中要用“would＋动词原形”，条件句中可以用were to do, 一般过去时态或者should ＋ do。所以只有D项符合题意。

7．D 由句子中的“我们在那个小村庄里迷了路”与otherwise可想到本题考查对过去事情的虚拟语气；otherwise等于if we hadn"t lost our way in that small village，因此其主句的谓语应用“would have done”的形式，故答案为D项。

8．D 句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中的谓语动词要用过去式。故D项正确。

9．D 句意：昨天，如果不是哈罗德让我们搭他的车回家，我们就叫辆出租车了。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

10．D should have done意为“本该做某事（但实际上未做）”，符合句意。句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。A项为将来完成时；B项的can表推测，不能用于肯定句中；C项构成must have done结构，表示“一定做过某事”。

11．A 本题是考查wish后接虚拟语气的用法，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时表示。句意：——孩子们到哪儿去了？饭菜快凉了。——真希望他们不要总这么晚。

12．C 由“if I ...then”可知，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时。句意：或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话，我就会给你更多的帮助。故选C项。

13．D 由空后的but I didn"t know that they were waiting for me可知“我”并没有早点来，因此第一句是一个虚拟语气的句子。因为讲述的过去的事情，所以句子应借助于“would＋have＋过去分词”

2

的形式。本句可以改为以下形式：I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me.句意：我本来能够早点来，但是我不知道他们在等着我。故选D项。

14．D 由but后的I was busy preparing for a job interview可知说话者并没有去听演讲，因此此处应是一个表示过去情况的虚拟语气。对过去的事情进行虚拟时，主句应用“would＋have＋过去分词”。本句可以改为I would have attended it if I hadn"t been busy preparing for a job interview.句意：——你错过了关于核污染的演讲真是遗憾。——我本想去参加的，但是我正忙着准备工作面试。故选D项。

15．A 句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句用“would/could/should/might＋have done”，故选A项。

16．D 句意：要不是因为约翰最近受伤的缘故，我们昨天就把他的名字写在参赛名单上了。根据句意及“but for（倘若没有，要不是）”可知，这里考查针对过去的虚拟，所以主句谓语部分要由would/could/might/should＋have done的形式构成，答案为D项。

17．C request 后面的名词性从句要用虚拟语气，即“（should）＋动词原形”。

18．D 句意：昨天我一路跑到学校，不然年度才艺表演我就会迟到。本句的后半句是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的假设，所以用would have done结构。

19．D if only 意为“要是……就好了”，由时间状语yesterday来看，这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。

20．D 从前面的would have grabbed可知，这里是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故if从句用过去完成时态。

21．B desire作名词时，其后的同位语从句中要用“should＋do”的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。

22．A 这是错综时间的虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时；从at present可知，主句与现在事实相反，故用would be的形式。

23．B 句意：如果没有你无私的帮助，我就不可能取得这么大的进步。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故主句用“情态动词＋have＋done”的形式。

24．D 从后面的could have got可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用过去完成时态，if省略时，用倒装语序，故选D项。

25．C wish后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故用一般过去时态。这里的意思是“我多么希望我现在带着钥匙啊”。

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